Taw qhia rau cov khoom siv hlau thiab cov txheej txheem kho deg

Niaj hnub no, peb yuav qhia meej txog cov yam ntxwv thiab kev siv yim yam khoom siv hlau rau txhua tus. Nws yog qhov ua tau zoo heev, thiab nco ntsoov khaws nws tom qab nyeem nws!
Yim yam khoom siv hlau
1. Cam khwb cia hlau - fluidity
Raws li ib feem ntawm peb qhov chaw nyob txhua hnub, cov kav dej tsis tshua pom los ntawm tib neeg. Yog vim li cas vim li cas cam khwb cia hlau muaj xws li ib tug loj thiab ntau yam ntawm kev siv yog vim nws zoo heev fluidity thiab nws yooj yim casting rau hauv ntau yam complex forms. Cam khwb cia hlau yog tiag tiag lub npe rau ib tug sib tov ntawm ntau yam, xws li carbon, silicon, thiab hlau. Qhov siab dua cov ntsiab lus carbon, qhov zoo dua nws cov yam ntxwv ntws thaum lub sij hawm pouring txheej txheem. Carbon tshwm nyob rau hauv ob hom: graphite thiab hlau carbide.
Lub xub ntiag ntawm graphite nyob rau hauv cam khwb cia hlau endows kav dej npog nrog zoo heev hnav tsis kam. Xwb feem ntau tsuas yog tshwm rau saum npoo, yog li nws feem ntau yog polished. Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj kev ntsuas tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv xeb thaum lub sij hawm pouring txheej txheem, uas yog siv ib txheej ntawm asphalt txheej rau saum npoo ntawm casting. Cov asphalt nkag mus rau hauv qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov hlau cam khwb cia, yog li ua si lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv xeb. Cov txheej txheem ib txwm ua ntawm kev tsim cov xuab zeb pwm casting cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no tau siv los ntawm ntau tus neeg tsim qauv rau lwm qhov chaw tshiab thiab nthuav ntau dua.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom: zoo heev fluidity, tsis tshua muaj nqi, zoo hnav tsis kam, tsis tshua muaj solidification shrinkage, brittleness, siab compressive zog, thiab zoo machinability.
Kev siv hom: cam khwb cia hlau muaj keeb kwm ntawm daim ntawv thov rau ntau pua xyoo, suav nrog thaj chaw xws li architecture, txuas hniav, engineering Cheebtsam, khoom vaj khoom tsev, thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
2 Stainless Hlau - Kev hlub tsis muaj xeb
Stainless hlau yog ib qho hlau uas ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw chromium, npib tsib xee, thiab lwm yam hlau rau hauv cov hlau. Nws cov yam ntxwv tsis xeb los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm chromium hauv cov hlau. Chromium tsim muaj zog thiab kho tus kheej chromium oxide zaj duab xis rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov hlau, uas tsis pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab. Qhov piv ntawm stainless hlau rau npib tsib xee uas peb feem ntau xa mus yog 18:10. Lub sij hawm "stainless steel" hais tsis tau tsuas yog rau ib hom stainless hlau, tab sis kuj mus rau ntau tshaj ib puas industrial stainless steels, txhua yam uas muaj kev ua tau zoo heev nyob rau hauv nws cov tshwj xeeb daim ntawv thov teb.
Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, stainless hlau tau nkag mus rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom tsim, thiab cov neeg tsim qauv tsim ntau yam khoom tshiab raws li nws cov tawv thiab corrosion kuj, nrog rau ntau qhov chaw uas tsis tau tshawb nrhiav ua ntej. Qhov no series ntawm kev sim tsim yog heev revolutionary. Piv txwv li, cov khoom siv uas tuaj yeem rov qab siv tau tom qab tshuaj tua kab mob tau tshwm sim thawj zaug hauv kev lag luam kho mob.
Stainless hlau muab faib ua plaub hom: austenite, ferrite, ferrite austenite (composite), thiab martensite. Cov hlau tsis muaj steel siv hauv cov khoom siv hauv tsev feem ntau yog austenitic.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv: kev noj qab haus huv, kev tiv thaiv corrosion, kev kho deg zoo, siab rigidity, tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm ntau yam kev ua haujlwm, thiab nyuaj rau kev ua haujlwm txias.
Kev siv hom: Ntawm cov feem ntau siv cov xim stainless hlau, austenitic stainless hlau yog cov khoom siv xim zoo tshaj plaws, uas tuaj yeem ua tiav cov xim zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj. Austenitic stainless hlau feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj, cov khoom siv hauv tsev, cov kav dej, thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev; Martensitic stainless hlau feem ntau yog siv los ua cov cuab yeej txiav thiab turbine hniav; Ferritic stainless hlau muaj cov khoom tiv thaiv corrosion thiab feem ntau yog siv hauv cov tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab boiler Cheebtsam; Composite stainless hlau muaj zog corrosion kuj, yog li nws yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv corrosive ib puag ncig.
3 Zinc -730 phaus hauv ib lub neej
Zinc, nrog cov nyiaj glow thiab cov lus qhia ntawm xiav grey, yog qhov thib peb feem ntau siv cov hlau tsis-ferrous tom qab txhuas thiab tooj liab. Ib qho kev txheeb cais los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Mines qhia tau hais tias ib tus neeg nruab nrab noj tag nrho 331 kilograms ntawm zinc hauv lawv lub neej. Zinc muaj cov ntsiab lus melting tsawg heev, yog li nws kuj yog cov khoom siv zoo tagnrho.
Zinc-based castings muaj ntau heev hauv peb lub neej niaj hnub: cov khoom siv xws li lub qhov rooj, watches, faucets, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam hauv qab txheej txheej. Zinc muaj cov khoom zoo heev los tiv thaiv corrosion, uas muab nws lwm txoj haujlwm yooj yim, uas yog los ua cov khoom siv txheej txheej rau hlau. Ntxiv nrog rau cov haujlwm saum toj no, zinc kuj yog cov khoom siv hlau uas siv los ua cov tooj dag ua ke nrog tooj liab. Nws cov corrosion kuj tsis yog tsuas yog siv rau steel nto txheej - nws kuj pab txhim kho peb cov tib neeg lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv: huv si, corrosion kuj, zoo heev castability, zoo heev corrosion kuj, siab zog, siab hardness, pheej yig raw cov ntaub ntawv, tsis tshua muaj melting point, creep tsis kam, yooj yim rau cov alloys nrog rau lwm yam hlau, nrog rau kev noj qab haus huv cov txiaj ntsig, tsis yooj yim ntawm chav tsev kub, thiab ductility ntawm ib ncig ntawm 100 degrees Celsius.
Hom kev siv: Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob. Zinc yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hlau uas siv los ua bronze. Zinc kuj muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev huv, huv si, thiab corrosion kuj. Tsis tas li ntawd, zinc kuj tseem siv rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ru tsev, daim duab kos duab, cov kav hlau txais xov xov tooj ntawm tes, thiab cov cuab yeej kaw hauv cov koob yees duab.
4 Aluminium (Al) - Cov khoom siv niaj hnub
Piv nrog rau kub, uas muaj keeb kwm ntawm 9000 xyoo ntawm kev siv, txhuas, hlau dawb nrog lub teeb xiav me ntsis, tsuas yog suav tias yog menyuam yaus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hlau. Aluminium tau qhia thiab muaj npe nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 18th caug xyoo. Tsis zoo li lwm cov khoom siv hlau, txhuas tsis muaj nyob hauv cov xwm txheej raws li cov khoom siv hlau ncaj qha, tab sis yog muab rho tawm los ntawm bauxite uas muaj 50% alumina (tseem hu ua bauxite). Aluminium, uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntxhia hauv daim ntawv no, kuj yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hlau ntau tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.
Thaum txhuas, hlau, thawj zaug tshwm sim, nws tsis tau siv tam sim ntawd rau tib neeg lub neej. Tom qab ntawd, ib pawg ntawm cov khoom tshiab tsom rau nws cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb thiab cov yam ntxwv maj mam tshwm sim, thiab cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis no kuj maj mam tau txais kev lag luam dav dua. Txawm hais tias daim ntawv thov keeb kwm ntawm txhuas yog luv luv, kev tsim cov khoom lag luam txhuas ntawm lub khw tam sim no deb tshaj qhov sib npaug ntawm lwm cov khoom tsis yog hlau.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom: saj zawg zog thiab malleable, yooj yim los ua alloys, siab zog rau qhov hnyav piv, zoo heev corrosion kuj, yooj yim rau hluav taws xob thiab tshav kub, recyclable.
Kev siv yam: tsheb pob txha, cov khoom siv dav hlau, cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj, ntim khoom, thiab rooj tog zaum. Aluminium kuj feem ntau siv los txhawb cov vaj tsev loj, xws li tus mlom ntawm Vajtswv Txoj Kev Hlub ntawm Piccadilly Square hauv London thiab sab saum toj ntawm Chrysler Motor Building hauv New York, txhua yam tau ntxiv dag zog nrog cov khoom siv txhuas.
5 Magnesium Alloy - Ultra nyias zoo nkauj tsim
Magnesium yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas tsis yog-ferrous hlau. Nws yog sib dua li txhuas thiab tuaj yeem tsim muaj zog alloys nrog lwm yam hlau. Magnesium alloys muaj qhov zoo xws li lub teeb ntom ntom, zoo damping thiab pob hluav taws xob zoo thiab ua kom yooj yim thiab moulding, thiab yooj yim rov ua dua tshiab. Txawm li cas los xij, rau lub sijhawm ntev, vim yog cov nqi siab thiab cov kev txwv thev naus laus zis, magnesium thiab magnesium alloys tsuas yog siv me me hauv aviation, aerospace, thiab tub rog kev lag luam, thiab yog li hu ua "noble hlau". Magnesium yog tam sim no thib peb loj tshaj plaws hlau engineering khoom tom qab hlau thiab txhuas, thiab yog dav siv nyob rau hauv aerospace, automotive, electronics, mobile kev sib txuas lus, metallurgy thiab lwm yam kev lag luam. Nws tuaj yeem cia siab tias vim qhov nce ntawm cov nqi tsim khoom ntawm lwm cov qauv hlau, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm magnesium hlau yuav dhau los ua ntau dua yav tom ntej.
Magnesium alloy suav rau 68% ntawm aluminium alloy, 27% zinc alloy, thiab 23% ntawm cov hlau. Nws yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv tsheb qhov chaw, 3C cov khoom casings, lub tsev cov ntaub ntawv, thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau ultra-thin laptops thiab xov tooj ntawm tes casings yog ua los ntawm magnesium alloy.
Qhov corrosion kuj ntawm magnesium alloy yog 8 npaug ntawm cov hlau, 4 npaug ntawm aluminium alloy, thiab ntau dua 10 npaug ntawm cov yas. Nws corrosion kuj yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov alloys. Feem ntau siv magnesium alloy tsis muaj nplaim taws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum siv hauv cov khoom siv tsheb thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev, uas tuaj yeem zam kev tawg sai sai. Feem ntau ntawm magnesium raw cov ntaub ntawv yog muab rho tawm los ntawm seawater, yog li nws cov peev txheej ruaj khov thiab ntau.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv: lub teeb yuag, siab rigidity thiab cuam tshuam tsis kam, zoo heev corrosion kuj, zoo thermal conductivity thiab electromagnetic shielding, zoo tsis flammability, tsis zoo tshav kub tsis kam, thiab yooj yim recycling.
Cov ntawv thov: Dav siv dav hauv aerospace, tsheb, electronics, mobile kev sib txuas lus, metallurgy thiab lwm yam kev lag luam.
6 Tooj Npis - Tib neeg tus khub
Tooj liab tsuas yog ib qho zoo kawg nkaus muaj ntau yam hlau uas muaj feem xyuam nrog peb lub neej. Ntau yam cuab yeej thaum ntxov thiab riam phom ntawm tib neeg tau ua los ntawm tooj liab. Nws lub npe Latin "cuprum" yog los ntawm ib qho chaw hu ua Cyprus, uas yog cov kob uas muaj tooj liab ntau. Cov neeg siv cov ntawv luv Cu rau cov kob lub npe rau npe cov khoom siv hlau no, yog li tooj liab muaj nws lub npe tam sim no.
Tooj liab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub neej niaj hnub no: nws tau siv dav hauv kev tsim vaj tsev ua cov khoom thauj khoom xa hluav taws xob. Tsis tas li ntawd, tau ntau txhiab xyoo, nws tau siv los ua cov khoom siv los ua lub cev kho kom zoo nkauj los ntawm cov neeg los ntawm ntau haiv neeg keeb kwm. Los ntawm kev txiav txim siab yooj yim thiab kev xa mus rau kev ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib txuas lus niaj hnub no, cov hlau nplaum thiab cov xim txiv kab ntxwv no tau nrog peb txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev vam meej. Tooj yog ib qho zoo heev conductor, nrog conductivity thib ob tsuas yog nyiaj. Hais txog lub sijhawm keeb kwm ntawm tib neeg siv cov khoom siv hlau, tooj liab yog cov hlau qub tshaj plaws uas tib neeg siv, thib ob tsuas yog kub. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim qhov yooj yim ntawm tooj liab mining, thiab qhov tseeb tias kev lag luam tooj liab yog qhov yooj yim rau kev sib cais ntawm tooj liab.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom: zoo corrosion kuj, zoo heev thermal conductivity, conductivity, hardness, yooj, ductility, tshwj xeeb nyhuv tom qab polishing.
Cov ntawv thov: cov xov hlau, lub cav coils, cov ntawv luam tawm, cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev, cov khoom siv kav dej, cov khoom siv cua sov, cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, cov khoom ua noj. Nws kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hlau ua rau bronze.
7 Chromium - High gloss tom qab kho
Daim ntawv ntau tshaj ntawm chromium yog siv los ua ib qho alloying nyob rau hauv stainless hlau los txhim kho nws hardness. Cov txheej txheem chromium plating feem ntau yog muab faib ua peb hom: txheej txheej zoo nkauj, tawv chromium txheej, thiab cov xim dub chromium txheej. Chromium plating yog dav siv nyob rau hauv engineering teb, thiab hniav chromium plating feem ntau yog siv raws li cov txheej saum toj kawg nkaus sab nraum cov nickel txheej. Lub plating muaj qhov muag heev thiab daim iav zoo li polishing nyhuv. Raws li kev kho kom zoo nkauj tom qab kev kho mob, lub thickness ntawm chromium txheej tsuas yog 0.006 millimeters. Thaum npaj siv cov txheej txheem chromium plating, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau xav txog tag nrho cov kev phom sij ntawm cov txheej txheem no. Cov qauv ntawm hexavalent zoo nkauj chromium dej tau hloov los ntawm trivalent chromium dej tau dhau los ua qhov pom tseeb, raws li yav dhau los muaj zog carcinogenicity, thaum tom kawg yog suav tias yog tshuaj lom tsawg.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv: zoo heev smoothness, zoo heev los tiv thaiv corrosion, nyuaj thiab ruaj, yooj yim los ntxuav, thiab tsis tshua muaj kev sib txhuam coefficient.
Kev siv zoo: Cov hniav chrome plating yog cov khoom siv txheej rau ntau yam khoom siv hauv tsheb, suav nrog lub qhov rooj thiab cov pob. Tsis tas li ntawd, chromium kuj tseem siv rau cov khoom siv tsheb kauj vab, chav dej da dej, rooj tog zaum, cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj, cov tais diav, thiab lwm yam. Hard chrome plating feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev lag luam, suav nrog kev nkag mus rau hauv lub cim xeeb hauv kev tswj haujlwm, cov khoom siv dav hlau, cov pwm yas, thiab cov khoom poob siab. Dub chrome plating feem ntau yog siv rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj thiab kev siv lub hnub ci zog.
8 Titanium - Lub teeb yuag thiab ruaj khov
Titanium yog cov hlau tshwj xeeb heev, nrog rau kev ntxhib los mos heev, tab sis kuj tawv heev thiab corrosion-resistant, tswj nws cov xim xim rau lub neej ntawm chav tsev kub. Lub melting point ntawm titanium tsis txawv ntau ntawm cov platinum, yog li nws yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv precision Cheebtsam nyob rau hauv aerospace thiab tub rog industries. Tom qab ntxiv tam sim no thiab tshuaj kho mob, cov xim sib txawv yuav raug tsim. Titanium muaj cov kua qaub thiab alkali corrosion kuj zoo heev. Tom qab soaking hauv aqua regia rau ntau xyoo, titanium tseem ci ntsa iab thiab ci ntsa iab. Yog tias titanium ntxiv rau cov hlau tsis muaj steel, ntxiv li ntawm 1% tuaj yeem txhim kho nws cov xeb tiv thaiv zoo.
Titanium muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo xws li tsis tshua muaj siab, kub tsis kam, thiab corrosion kuj. Titanium alloys muaj qhov ntom ntom ib nrab ntawm cov hlau thiab lub zog zoo ib yam li cov hlau; Titanium yog resistant rau ob qho tib si kub thiab tsis kub. Nws tuaj yeem tuav lub zog siab nyob rau hauv qhov dav ntawm qhov kub ntawm -253 degree txog 500 degree . Cov txiaj ntsig zoo no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov chaw hlau. Titanium alloy yog cov khoom siv zoo rau kev ua lub foob pob hluav taws xob lub plhaub, cov khoom siv satellites, thiab lub dav hlau, thiab hu ua "qhov chaw hlau".
Titanium yog cov hlau ntshiab, thiab yog vim nws purity, cov tshuaj tsis raug tshuaj lom neeg thaum sib cuag nrog nws. Ntawd yog hais tias, vim nws qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion siab thiab ruaj khov, titanium tsis cuam tshuam rau nws cov ntsiab lus txawm tias tom qab kev sib cuag nrog tib neeg mus ntev, yog li nws yuav tsis ua rau tib neeg ua xua. Nws yog tib cov hlau uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub cev lub paj hlwb thiab saj, thiab yog lub npe hu ua "biophilic hlau".
Qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws ntawm titanium yog tias nws nyuaj rau rho tawm. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim tias titanium tuaj yeem ua ke nrog cov pa oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, thiab ntau lwm yam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv: lub zog muaj zog heev, zoo heev corrosion kuj piv rau qhov hnyav, nyuaj rau kev ua haujlwm txias, zoo weldability, kwv yees li 40% sib dua li hlau thiab 60% hnyav dua aluminium, tsis tshua muaj conductivity, thermal expansion tus nqi, thiab siab melting point.
Kev siv hom: golf clubs, tennis rackets, portable computers, cameras, nra, surgical implants, aircraft skeletons, chemical equipment, and maritime khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, titanium kuj tseem siv los ua cov xim dawb rau cov ntawv, pleev xim, thiab cov yas.
Cov txheej txheem kev kho hlau nto
1. Taw qhia txog txheej txheem kho deg
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv niaj hnub physics, chemistry, metallurgy, thiab cov txheej txheem kho cua sov los hloov cov txheej txheem saum npoo thiab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom, ua kom zoo dua lawv cov khoom sib xyaw nrog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, thiab ua tiav cov kev xav tau ua ntej yog hu ua txheej txheem kho saum npoo.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev kho deg:
(1) Txhim kho nto corrosion kuj thiab hnav tsis kam, qeeb qeeb, tshem tawm thiab kho cov khoom hloov pauv thiab puas;
(2) Ua kom cov khoom siv zoo tib yam kom tau txais qhov chaw nrog cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb;
(3) Txuag lub zog, txo cov nqi, thiab txhim kho ib puag ncig.
2. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kho hlau nto

Nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub pawg: kev hloov kho saum npoo av, thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis, thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis, thiab txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej.
1, Nto hloov tshuab
1. Nto quenching
Surface quenching yog hais txog kev kho cua sov uas siv cov cua kub ceev kom austenitize saum npoo yam tsis hloov cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov qauv ntawm cov hlau, thiab tom qab ntawd quenches nws kom ntxiv dag zog rau qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw.
Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm qhov chaw quenching muaj xws li nplaim taws quenching thiab induction cua sov, thiab feem ntau siv cov cua sov muaj xws li nplaim taws xws li oxyacetylene lossis oxypropane.
2. Laser nto zog
Laser saum npoo ntxiv dag zog yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv lub teeb pom kev laser los tua ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub chaw ua haujlwm, ua kom sov cov khoom nyias nyias ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm mus rau qhov kub siab tshaj qhov hloov pauv kub lossis melting point hauv lub sijhawm luv luv. , thiab ces txias nws nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm kom harden thiab ntxiv dag zog rau saum npoo ntawm lub workpiece.

Laser nto ntxiv dag zog tuaj yeem muab faib ua laser theem transformation ntxiv dag zog rau kev kho mob, laser nto alloying kev kho mob, thiab kev kho laser cladding.

Laser nto ntxiv dag zog rau qhov chaw me me thaum tshav kub kub cuam tshuam, me me deformation, thiab kev ua haujlwm yooj yim. Nws yog tsuas yog siv rau hauv zos ntxiv dag zog rau qhov chaw, xws li xuas nrig ntaus tuag, crankshafts, camshafts, camshafts, spline shafts, precision instrument guides, high-speed steel tej cuab yeej, zog, thiab sab hauv combustion engine lub tog raj kheej liner.
3. Tua peening
Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ntxiv dag zog yog ib qho kev siv tshuab uas txau ntau qhov kev kub ceev txav mus rau qhov chaw ntawm ib feem, zoo li suav tsis tau cov hammers me me tsoo cov hlau nto, ua rau qee yam yas deformation ntawm qhov chaw thiab subsurface txheej ntawm ib feem kom ua tiav kev txhawb nqa.

Muaj nuj nqi:
(1) Txhim kho lub zog txhua yam, hnav tsis kam, qaug zog tiv thaiv, thiab corrosion kuj ntawm qhov chaw;
(2) Siv rau deg extinction thiab descaling;
(3) Tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab uas nyob hauv castings, forgings, thiab welded qhov chaw.
4. Rolling
Rolling yog txheej txheem kev kho saum npoo uas siv cov menyuam tawv los yog cov menyuam siv los siv lub zog rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm sib hloov ntawm chav tsev kub thiab txav mus raws cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov generatrix, ua rau cov yas deformation thiab hardening ntawm workpiece nto, thiaj li yuav tau txais qhov tseeb, du, thiab reinforced nto los yog cov qauv tshwj xeeb.

Daim Ntawv Thov: Cov khoom siv nrog cov duab yooj yim xws li cylindrical nto, conical nto, thiab tiaj tus.
5. Hlau kos duab
Hlau daim duab yog hais txog txoj kev kho saum npoo uas cov hlau raug yuam los ntawm cov pwm nyob rau hauv sab nraud quab yuam, compressing qhov chaw hla ntawm cov hlau thiab tau txais cov duab thiab qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw hla ntu.

Kev kos duab tuaj yeem ua rau ntau hom raws li kev xav tau zoo nkauj, suav nrog cov kab ncaj, kab tsis xwm yeem, ripples, thiab kab kauv.
6. Polishing
Polishing yog ib txoj kev ua tiav uas hloov kho qhov chaw ntawm ib feem. Feem ntau, nws tsuas tuaj yeem tau txais qhov chaw du thiab tsis tuaj yeem txhim kho lossis txawm tias tswj tau qhov tseeb machining thawj. Nyob ntawm qhov kev ua haujlwm ua ntej, tus nqi Ra tom qab polishing tuaj yeem ncav cuag 1.6 ~ 0.008 μ M.

Nws feem ntau muab faib ua mechanical polishing thiab tshuaj polishing.

 

2, Nto alloying tshuab
Tshuaj kho qhov muag kub
Cov txheej txheem raug txheej txheem ntawm nto alloying tshuab yog chemical deg tshav kub kho. Nws yog txheej txheem kev kho cua sov uas tso cov khoom ua haujlwm rau hauv ib qho nruab nrab rau cua sov thiab rwb thaiv tsev, tso cai rau cov atoms hauv nruab nrab nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub workpiece, yog li hloov cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov qauv ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub workpiece, thiab yog li ntawd. hloov nws qhov kev ua tau zoo.

Piv nrog rau saum npoo quenching, chemical deg kev kho cua sov tsis tsuas yog hloov cov qauv ntawm cov hlau, tab sis kuj hloov nws cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg. Raws li cov khoom sib txawv infiltrated, tshuaj kho cua sov tuaj yeem muab faib ua carburization, nitridation, multicomponent co infiltration, infiltration ntawm lwm cov ntsiab lus, thiab lwm yam. Cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov tshuaj muaj peb txheej txheem: decomposition, absorption, thiab diffusion.
Ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho cua sov yog carburization thiab nitriding.

 

3, Nto hloov zaj duab xis tshuab
1. Blackening thiab phosphating
Dub:
Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov cua sov steel los yog cov khoom siv hlau hauv cov pa dej vapor lossis cov tshuaj tua kab mob kom haum rau qhov kub thiab txias los tsim ib txheej ntawm xiav lossis dub oxide zaj duab xis rau ntawm lawv qhov chaw. Kuj hu ua tig xiav.
Phosphatization:
Cov txheej txheem uas lub workpiece (steel, aluminium, zinc qhov chaw) yog immersed nyob rau hauv ib tug phosphating kua (ib qho tshuaj uas yog tsim los ntawm acidic phosphates) thiab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw los ua ib tug crystalline phosphate hloov dua siab tshiab zaj duab xis uas yog insoluble nyob rau hauv dej yog hu ua phosphating.
2. Anodization
Feem ntau yog hais txog anodizing ntawm aluminium thiab aluminium alloys. Anodizing yog txheej txheem ntawm immersing txhuas los yog txhuas alloy qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib tug acidic electrolyte thiab siv nws raws li ib tug anode nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ib tug sab nraud tam sim no los tsim ib tug corrosion-resistant oxide zaj duab xis txheej khov kho rau lub substrate ntawm qhov chaw. Cov oxide zaj duab xis no muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb xws li kev tiv thaiv, kho kom zoo nkauj, rwb thaiv tsev, thiab hnav tsis kam.

Ua ntej anodizing, kev kho mob ua ntej xws li polishing, degreasing, thiab tu yuav tsum tau nqa tawm, tom qab ntawd yaug, xim, thiab sealing.
Daim Ntawv Thov: Feem ntau siv rau kev tiv thaiv kev kho mob ntawm qee yam tshwj xeeb ntawm lub tsheb thiab dav hlau, nrog rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua thiab cov khoom siv niaj hnub.

 

4, Nto txheej tshuab
1. Thermal txau
Thermal spraying yog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov cua sov thiab melting hlau los yog cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis yog-hlau, tsis tu ncua tshuab compressed roj mus rau saum npoo ntawm lub workpiece los tsim ib txheej uas ruaj khov adheres rau lub substrate, thiab tau txais lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg cov khoom uas yuav tsum tau los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub workpiece. khoom ua haujlwm.

Kev siv cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov hnav tsis kam, tiv thaiv corrosion, tiv thaiv tshav kub, thiab rwb thaiv tsev cov khoom.
Daim ntawv thov: Yuav luag txhua qhov chaw, suav nrog cov thev naus laus zis xws li aerospace, atomic zog, thiab hluav taws xob.
2. Nqus plating
Nqus plating yog txheej txheem kev kho saum npoo uas muaj ntau yam hlau thiab tsis yog hlau nyias zaj duab xis tso rau ntawm cov hlau nto hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev los ntawm distillation lossis sputtering.
Los ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev plating, cov txheej txheej nyias nyias tuaj yeem tau txais, uas muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev ceev ceev, zoo adhesion, thiab tsis muaj kuab paug.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm Nqus Sputtering Plating
Raws li cov txheej txheem sib txawv, lub tshuab nqus tsev plating tuaj yeem muab faib ua lub tshuab nqus tsev evaporation plating, nqus plua plav plating, thiab nqus ion plating.
3. Electroplating

Electroplating yog electrochemical thiab redox txheej txheem. Siv npib tsib xee plating ua piv txwv: raus cov hlau workpiece nyob rau hauv ib tug tov ntawm hlau ntsev (NiSO4) raws li lub cathode, thiab cov hlau npib tsib xee phaj raws li lub anode. Tom qab txuas DC fais fab mov, cov hlau npib tsib xee plating txheej yuav muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm.
Cov txheej txheem electroplating tau muab faib ua cov electroplating zoo tib yam thiab tshwj xeeb electroplating.

Electroplating yog electrochemical thiab redox txheej txheem. Siv npib tsib xee plating ua piv txwv: raus cov hlau workpiece nyob rau hauv ib tug tov ntawm hlau ntsev (NiSO4) raws li lub cathode, thiab cov hlau npib tsib xee phaj raws li lub anode. Tom qab txuas DC fais fab mov, cov hlau npib tsib xee plating txheej yuav muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm.
Cov txheej txheem electroplating tau muab faib ua cov electroplating zoo tib yam thiab tshwj xeeb electroplating.