Koj paub ntau npaum li cas koj paub txog stainless hlau?
Hlau yog ib lo lus dav dav rau hlau carbon alloys nrog cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm 0.02% thiab 2.11%. Ntau tshaj 2.11% yog hlau.
Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau tuaj yeem sib txawv heev, thiab cov hlau uas muaj cov ntsiab lus carbon tsuas yog hu ua carbon steel lossis hlau zoo tib yam. Thaum lub sij hawm smelting txheej txheem, cov ntsiab lus alloy xws li chromium, npib tsib xee, manganese, silicon, titanium, thiab molybdenum kuj tuaj yeem muab ntxiv los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau.
Stainless hlau yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm nws cov hlau tsis xeb thiab corrosion kuj, nrog cov ntsiab lus chromium tsawg kawg yog 10.5% thiab cov ntsiab lus carbon tsis ntau tshaj 1.2%.
01
Stainless hlau yuav twv yuav raug hu tsis xeb? Thaum cov xim av xeb (spots) tshwm rau saum npoo ntawm stainless hlau, tib neeg xav tsis thoob thiab ntseeg tias stainless hlau yuav tsis xeb. Xeb tsis yog stainless hlau ntxiv lawm, nws yuav yog vim muaj teeb meem nrog cov hlau zoo. Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog ib qho kev pom tsis zoo uas tsis muaj kev nkag siab ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj steel. Stainless hlau kuj tuaj yeem xeb nyob rau hauv qee yam mob. Stainless hlau muaj peev xwm tiv taus atmospheric oxidation - xeb kuj, thiab kuj muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv corrosion hauv xov xwm uas muaj kua qaub, alkali, thiab ntsev, uas yog, corrosion kuj. Tab sis qhov loj ntawm nws cov corrosion kuj txawv nrog cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, kev sib nrig sib lub xeev, kev siv tej yam kev mob, thiab hom ntawm ib puag ncig nruab nrab ntawm cov hlau nws tus kheej. Zoo li 304 cov ntaub ntawv, nws muaj qhov zoo heev corrosion kuj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw qhuav thiab huv si, tab sis thaum tsiv mus rau ntug hiav txwv dej, nws yuav sai sai xeb hauv hiav txwv pos huab uas muaj cov ntsev ntau. Yog li ntawd, tsis yog txhua hom stainless hlau tuaj yeem tiv taus corrosion thiab xeb txhua lub sijhawm. Stainless hlau yog ib qho ruaj khov chromium nplua nuj oxide zaj duab xis (tiv thaiv zaj duab xis) tsim rau ntawm nws qhov chaw, uas yog nyias thiab ruaj khov, tiv thaiv cov pa atoms los ntawm kev txuas ntxiv mus rau infiltrate thiab oxidize, yog li tau txais lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv corrosion. Ib zaug yog vim li cas, cov yeeb yaj kiab nyias no tau raug puas ntsoog tas li, thiab cov pa oxygen atoms hauv huab cua lossis kua yuav tsis tu ncua infiltrate lossis hlau atoms hauv cov hlau yuav tsis tu ncua, sib sau cov hlau oxide, thiab cov hlau saum npoo yuav raug corroded tas li.
02
Dab tsi ntawm stainless hlau tsis tshua muaj rusting?
Lub ntsiab yam tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau stainless hlau corrosion yog raws li nram no.
1) Cov ntsiab lus ntawm alloying ntsiab
Feem ntau hais lus, steel nrog cov ntsiab lus chromium ntawm 10.5% tsis tshua muaj kev xeb. Qhov siab dua cov ntsiab lus ntawm chromium thiab npib tsib xee, qhov zoo dua corrosion kuj. Piv txwv li, 304 cov khoom yuav tsum muaj cov ntsiab lus nickel ntawm 8% mus rau 10%, thiab cov ntsiab lus chromium ntawm 18% mus rau 20%. Xws li stainless hlau yuav tsis xeb nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj xwm txheej.
2) Smelting txheej txheem ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom
Cov txheej txheem smelting ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau corrosion kuj ntawm stainless hlau. Loj stainless hlau nroj tsuag nrog zoo smelting technology, cov cuab yeej siv siab heev, thiab cov txheej txheem siab heev tuaj yeem ua kom tswj tau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau, tshem tawm cov impurities, thiab tswj cov cua txias ntawm steel billets. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom zoo yog ruaj khov thiab txhim khu kev qha, nrog zoo sab hauv zoo thiab tsis tshua muaj rusting. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, qee qhov me me steel mills muaj cov cuab yeej siv thiab cov txheej txheem dhau los. Thaum lub sij hawm smelting txheej txheem, impurities tsis tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm, thiab cov khoom tsim tawm yuav inevitably xeb.
3) Sab nraud ib puag ncig
Ib puag ncig qhuav thiab zoo ventilated yog tsis tshua muaj rusting. Cov cheeb tsam uas muaj huab cua siab, huab cua tsis tu ncua los nag, lossis siab acidity thiab alkalinity nyob rau hauv cov huab cua yog rusting. 304 stainless hlau kuj tuaj yeem xeb yog tias ib puag ncig ib puag ncig tsis zoo.
03
Yuav ua li cas tiv thaiv xeb ntawm cov hlau stainless?
1) Cov txheej txheem tshuaj
Siv cov tshuaj ntxuav kua qaub los yog tshuaj tsuag los pab cov khoom xeb kom rov ua dua los ua cov chromium oxide zaj duab xis los kho lawv cov corrosion kuj. Tom qab ntxuav cov kua qaub, txhawm rau tshem tawm tag nrho cov kua qaub thiab cov kua qaub, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom yaug nrog dej huv. Tom qab tag nrho cov txheej txheem, siv cov cuab yeej polishing los rov polish thiab foob nrog polishing ciab. Rau cov cheeb tsam uas muaj xeb me ntsis, 1: 1 sib xyaw ntawm cov roj av thiab cov roj cav tuaj yeem siv los so cov pob xeb nrog cov ntaub huv.
2) Mechanical txoj kev
Sandblasting, tua blasting nrog iav los yog ceramic hais, immersion, txhuam, thiab polishing. Nws muaj peev xwm siv cov txheej txheem siv tshuab los so cov kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov khoom siv yav dhau los tshem tawm, cov khoom siv polishing, lossis cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg. Ntau hom kev ua qias tuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov hlau txawv teb chaws, tuaj yeem ua qhov chaw ntawm corrosion, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntub. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg kho tshuab tu qhov chaw yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav kom zoo nyob rau hauv qhuav tej yam kev mob. Kev siv cov txheej txheem siv tshuab tsuas tuaj yeem ntxuav qhov chaw thiab tsis tuaj yeem hloov kho corrosion ntawm cov khoom nws tus kheej. Yog li ntawd, nws raug nquahu kom rov polish nrog cov khoom siv polishing tom qab kho tshuab thiab foob nrog polishing ciab.
04
Cov hlau nplaum puas siv tau los txiav txim siab stainless hlau?
Ntau tus neeg yuav cov khoom lag luam stainless hlau lossis stainless hlau thiab nqa cov hlau nplaum me me nrog lawv. Thaum lawv saib cov khoom, lawv nqus nws thiab xav tias yam lawv nqus tsis tau yog cov hlau tsis zoo. Yog tsis muaj hlau nplaum, xeb yuav tsis tshwm sim, uas yog qhov tseeb yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm.
Stainless hlau nrog los yog tsis muaj hlau nplaum yog txiav txim los ntawm nws cov microstructure. Thaum lub sij hawm solidification txheej txheem ntawm molten steel, sib txawv microstructures xws li "ferrite", "austenite", thiab "martensite" yog tsim vim sib txawv solidification kub. Ntawm lawv, "ferrite" thiab "martensite" stainless hlau yog tag nrho cov hlau nplaum. Austenitic stainless hlau muaj cov khoom zoo txhua yam, kev ua haujlwm, thiab kev sib txuas, tab sis hais txog kev tiv thaiv corrosion, hlau nplaum ferritic stainless hlau muaj zog dua austenitic stainless hlau.
Lub npe hu ua 200 series thiab 300 series stainless hlau nrog cov ntsiab lus siab manganese thiab cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj nickel tam sim no nyob hauv kev lag luam tsis muaj hlau nplaum, tab sis lawv cov kev ua tau zoo sib txawv ntawm 304 nrog cov ntsiab lus siab nickel. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, 304 tseem tuaj yeem muaj cov hlau nplaum me ntsis tom qab ua tiav los ntawm kev ncab, annealing, polishing, casting, thiab lwm yam txheej txheem. Yog li ntawd, siv stainless hlau strips tsis muaj hlau nplaum los txiav txim qhov zoo ntawm stainless hlau yog ib qho kev to taub yuam kev thiab unscientific.
05
Dab tsi yog cov qib stainless hlau feem ntau siv?
201: Hloov cov nickel stainless hlau nrog manganese, nws muaj qee yam acid thiab alkali tsis kam, siab ceev, thiab polished tsis muaj npuas. Nws yog siv rau hauv cov khoom siv ntiav ntiav xws li cov rooj zaum saib, cov raj zoo nkauj, thiab cov raj muaj.
202: Nws belongs rau tsawg npib tsib xee siab manganese stainless hlau nrog ib tug nickel thiab manganese cov ntsiab lus ntawm txog 8%. Raws li qhov tsis muaj zog corrosion, nws tuaj yeem hloov 304 thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Nws yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv lub tsev kho kom zoo nkauj, txoj kev loj guardrails, municipal engineering, iav handrails, highway chaw, thiab lwm yam.
304: Universal stainless hlau, nrog zoo corrosion kuj, tshav kub tsis kam, tsis tshua muaj kub lub zog thiab txhua yam khoom, siab toughness, siv nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov kev lag luam, kev kho mob kev lag luam, industrial, tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam, thiab kho kom zoo nkauj hauv tsev.
304L: Tsawg carbon 304 stainless hlau, siv rau cov khoom siv nrog corrosion kuj thiab formability.
316: Nrog rau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm Mo, nws muaj kev kub siab corrosion kuj zoo heev thiab siv rau hauv cov khoom siv dej hiav txwv, chemistry, zaub mov kev lag luam, thiab cov ntawv ua teb.
321: Nws muaj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias kev ua haujlwm tawg thiab kev kub siab ua haujlwm siab.
430: Thaum tshav kub kub resistant rau qaug zog, nrog ib tug qis coefficient ntawm thermal expansion tshaj austenite, haum rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab lub tsev kho kom zoo nkauj.
410: High hardness, toughness, zoo corrosion kuj, siab thermal conductivity, tsawg expansion coefficient, zoo oxidation kuj, siv rau manufacturing Cheebtsam nrog atmospheric, chav, dej, thiab oxidative acid corrosion.
