Cov ntaub ntawv hlau sib txawv li cas txiav txawv?

Hauv kev txiav hlau, muaj cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv, thiab cov txheej txheem txiav thiab tshem tawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv. Yuav ua li cas peb thiaj paub cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv? ISO txheem hlau cov ntaub ntawv tau muab faib ua 6 ntau hom, txhua tus muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Kab lus no yuav qhia txog lawv cais.
Cov khoom siv hlau tau muab faib ua 6 pawg:
(1) P-steel
(2) M-stainless hlau
(3) K-cam khwb cia hlau
(4) N-Nonferrous hlau
(5) S-heat-resistant alloy
(6) H-Hardened hlau

Txiav cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv
01-P steel
Steel yog dab tsi?
-Steel yog cov khoom siv loj tshaj plaws hauv kev txiav hlau.
-Steel tuaj yeem tsis quenched thiab tempered steel los yog quenched thiab tempered steel (nrog hardness txog li 400HB).
-Steel yog ib qho alloy feem ntau muaj hlau (Fe). Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem melting.
-Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj hlau yog tsawg dua 0.8%, tsuas yog Fe thiab tsis muaj lwm yam alloying.
-Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau alloy yog tsawg dua 1.7%, thiab cov ntsiab lus alloying xws li Ni, Cr, Mo, V, W, thiab lwm yam ntxiv.

Nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm cov hlau txiav, P pab pawg yog cov khoom siv loj tshaj plaws raws li nws npog ntau yam kev lag luam sib txawv.
Cov khoom siv feem ntau yog cov khoom siv nti ntev uas tuaj yeem tsim cov chips txuas ntxiv thiab sib xws. Daim ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm chips feem ntau yog nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus carbon.
- Cov ntsiab lus carbon tsawg= cov khoom siv tawv tawv.
- Cov ntsiab lus carbon siab=cov khoom siv tawv.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua:
- Cov khoom siv ntev nti.
-Chip tswj yog qhov yooj yim thiab ruaj khov.
-Cov pa roj carbon tsawg muaj viscosity thiab yuav tsum tau txiav cov npoo ntse.
-Unit txiav quab yuam kc: 1500-3100 N/mm2
-Qhov txiav quab yuam thiab lub zog yuav tsum tau ua rau cov ntaub ntawv ISO P yog nyob rau hauv ib qho kev txwv ntawm qhov tseem ceeb.

 

02-M stainless hlau
Stainless hlau yog dab tsi?
-Stainless hlau yog cov khoom siv hlau uas muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm 11-12% chromium.
-Cov ntsiab lus carbon feem ntau yog tsawg heev (tsawg li qhov siab tshaj ntawm 0.01%).
-Lub ntsiab alloys yog Ni (nickel), Mo (molybdenum), thiab Ti (titanium).
-Tsim ib txheej tuab ntawm Cr2O3 rau ntawm cov hlau kom nws corrosion-resistant.

Hauv Pawg M, feem ntau cov ntawv thov yog cov roj thiab roj, cov yeeb nkab fittings, flanges, kev lag luam, thiab kev lag luam tshuaj.
Cov ntaub ntawv ua tsis zoo flake zoo li chips, uas muaj zog txiav ntau dua piv rau cov hlau zoo tib yam. Muaj ntau ntau hom stainless hlau. Lub nti tawg kev ua tau zoo (los ntawm qhov yooj yim mus rau yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem tawg) nws txawv nyob ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau thiab kev kho cua sov.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua:
- Cov khoom siv ntev nti.
-Chip tswj yog tus du hauv ferrite, tab sis nyuaj hauv austenite thiab duplex.
-Unit txiav quab yuam: 1800-2850 N/mm2
-High txiav quab yuam, nti buildup, tshav kub, thiab ua hauj lwm hardening yog generated thaum lub sij hawm machining.

 

03-K cam khwb cia hlau
Cam khwb cia hlau yog dab tsi?
-Nws muaj peb hom cam khwb cia hlau: grey cam khwb cia hlau (GCI), nodular cam khwb cia hlau (NCI), thiab nodular cam khwb cia hlau (CGI).
-Cast hlau yog tsim los ntawm Fe-C thiab muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm silicon siab (1-3%).
-Cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau tshaj 2%, uas yog qhov siab tshaj plaws solubility ntawm C hauv austenite theem.
-Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm Cr (chromium), Mo (molybdenum), thiab V (vanadium) cov ntaub ntawv carbides, uas ua rau kom muaj zog thiab hardness, tab sis txo machinability.

K pab pawg neeg feem ntau yog siv hauv cov khoom siv tsheb, kev tsim tshuab, thiab kev lag luam hlau.
Lub nti tsim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv, los ntawm kwv yees li cov hmoov chips mus rau cov chips ntev. Lub zog xav tau los ua cov khoom siv no feem ntau yog me me.
Nco ntsoov tias muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm grey cam khwb cia hlau (feem ntau nrog cov chips zoo li cov hmoov) thiab cov hlau nplaum, nrog rau tom kawg feem ntau muaj cov chips zoo ib yam li hlau.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua:
- Cov khoom siv luv luv.
-Kev tswj cov nti zoo hauv txhua qhov kev ua haujlwm.
-Unit txiav quab yuam: 790-1350 N/mm2
-Kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov nrawm dua yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj.
- Nruab nrab txiav quab yuam.

 

04-N Nonferrous Hlau
Dab tsi yog cov khoom siv hlau tsis yog hlau?
-Cov pawg no suav nrog cov hlau tsis muaj hlau thiab cov hlau mos nrog lub hardness qis dua 130 HB.
-Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog tsim los ntawm non-ferrous hlau (Al) alloys uas muaj ze li ntawm 22% silicon (Si).
- tooj liab, tooj dag, tooj dag.

Lub dav hlau tsim kev lag luam thiab aluminium alloy tsheb log manufacturers tuav pawg N.
Txawm hais tias lub zog xav tau ib mm3 (cubic inch) tsawg, kom ua tiav cov hlau tshem tawm siab, nws tseem tsim nyog los xam lub zog siab tshaj plaws.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua:
- Cov khoom siv ntev nti.
-Yog tias nws yog ib qho alloy, nti tswj tau yooj yim.
-Non ferrous hlau (Al) muaj viscosity thiab yuav tsum tau siv cov ntse txiav npoo.
-Unit txiav quab yuam: 350-700 N/mm2
-Qhov txiav quab yuam thiab lub zog yuav tsum tau ua rau kev ua cov ntaub ntawv ISO N yog nyob rau hauv qhov txwv tsis pub muaj nuj nqis.

 

05-S tshav kub-resistant alloy
Thaum tshav kub kub-resistant alloy yog dab tsi?
-Heat resistant alloys (HRSA) suav nrog ntau cov hlau alloy siab, npib tsib xee, cobalt, lossis titanium raws li cov ntaub ntawv.
Pawg: hlau-raws li, npib tsib xee raws, cobalt raws li
Ua hauj lwm tej yam kev mob: annealing, tov tshav kub kho, laus kho, dov, forging, casting.
Nta:
-Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau nplaum ntau dua (cobalt siab dua npib tsib xee) ua kom cov cua sov zoo dua, muaj zog tensile ntau dua, thiab siab dua corrosion kuj.

Qhov nyuaj rau txheej txheem S-group cov ntaub ntawv yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv aerospace, gas turbine, thiab generator industries.
Qhov ntau yog dav, tab sis feem ntau muaj lub siab txiav quab yuam.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua:
- Cov khoom siv ntev nti.
- Nyuaj hauv kev tswj nti (serrated chips).
-Rau ceramics, yuav tsum muaj lub kaum sab xis tsis zoo, thaum rau cov alloys nyuaj, yuav tsum muaj lub kaum sab xis zoo.
- Unit txiav quab yuam:
Rau tshav kub-resistant alloys: 2400-3100 N/mm2
Rau titanium alloys: 1300-1400 N/mm2
-Qhov yuav tsum tau txiav quab yuam thiab lub zog yog siab heev.

 

06-H Hardened Steel
Dab tsi yog hardened steel?
-Los ntawm kev ua tiav, quenched steel yog pawg tsawg tshaj plaws.
-This group includes quenched and tempered steel with a hardness>45-65 HRC.
-Feem ntau, qhov hardness ntau yam ntawm qhov nyuaj uas tau muab yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 55-68 HRC.

Lub hardened steel nyob rau hauv Group H yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam industries, xws li kev lag luam automotive thiab nws subcontractors, nrog rau cov tshuab tsim thiab pwm lag luam.
Feem ntau tsis tu ncua, liab kub chips. Qhov kub siab no pab txo qis tus nqi kc1, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev daws teeb meem ntawm daim ntawv thov.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua:
- Cov khoom siv ntev nti.
-Relatively zoo chip tswj.
-Negative pem hauv ntej kaum yuav tsum.
-Unit txiav quab yuam: 2550-4870 N/mm2
-Qhov yuav tsum tau txiav quab yuam thiab lub zog yog siab heev.