Ib daim ntawv teev tag nrho cov hlau tsis zoo, uas yog cov hlau zoo, 201, 202, 301, 302, lossis 304!
Stainless hlau tuaj yeem pom nyob txhua qhov chaw hauv lub neej niaj hnub, thiab muaj ntau yam qauv uas tsis yooj yim rau kev paub qhov txawv. Niaj hnub no, tus editor yuav qhia ib tsab xov xwm rau koj kom paub meej cov ntsiab lus kev paub hauv.
Stainless hlau yog lub npe luv rau stainless thiab acid resistant steel. Cov hlau uas tiv taus tsis muaj zog corrosive media xws li cua, chav, dej, lossis muaj xeb kuj hu ua stainless hlau; Thiab hom hlau uas tiv taus cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion (xws li acid, alkali, ntsev, thiab lwm yam) yog hu ua acid resistant steel. Stainless hlau yog hais txog cov hlau uas tsis muaj zog corrosive media xws li huab cua, chav, dej, thiab tshuaj corrosive media xws li acid, alkali, thiab ntsev, los yog stainless acid resistant steel. Hauv kev siv tswv yim, cov hlau uas tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv corrosion feem ntau hu ua stainless hlau, thaum hlau uas tiv taus tshuaj lom neeg corrosion yog hu ua acid resistant steel. Vim qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ob, lub qub yuav tsis tas yuav resistant rau tshuaj lom neeg corrosion, thaum lub tom kawg feem ntau muaj xeb kuj. Kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm stainless hlau nyob ntawm cov alloying ntsiab muaj nyob rau hauv cov hlau.
Kev faib tawm ntau: feem ntau cais los ntawm cov qauv metallographic: feem ntau, raws li cov qauv metallographic, cov hlau tsis zoo tib yam muab faib ua peb pawg: austenitic stainless hlau, ferritic stainless hlau, thiab martensitic stainless hlau. Raws li peb lub hauv paus metallographic qauv, dual-theem steel, nag lossis daus hardening stainless hlau, thiab cov hlau alloy siab nrog cov ntsiab lus hlau hauv qab 50% tau muab los rau cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb thiab lub hom phiaj. 1. Austenitic stainless hlau. Lub matrix feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov qauv austenite (CY theem) nrog lub ntsej muag nruab nrab lub pob zeb siv lead ua, uas tsis yog hlau nplaum thiab feem ntau ntxiv dag zog (thiab tej zaum yuav ua rau qee yam hlau nplaum) los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias hauv stainless hlau. Lub koom haum American Iron thiab Steel siv cov lej los ntawm 200 thiab 300 series, xws li 304.
2. Ferritic stainless hlau. Lub matrix feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm ferrite nrog lub cev nruab nrab ntawm lub cubic siv lead ua qauv (theem a), uas yog sib nqus thiab feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem hardened los ntawm kev kho cua sov. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua haujlwm txias tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlau tsis muaj zog me ntsis. Lub koom haum American Steel txheeb xyuas 430 thiab 446.
3. Martensitic stainless hlau. Stainless hlau nrog ib tug matrix ntawm martensitic qauv (lub cev centered cubic los yog cubic), magnetic zog, thiab adjustable mechanical zog los ntawm kev kho cua sov. Lub koom haum American Steel yog qhia los ntawm cov lej 410, 420, thiab 440. Martensite muaj cov qauv austenitic ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab thaum txias rau chav sov ntawm tus nqi tsim nyog, cov qauv austenitic tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv martensite (ie hardened). 4. Austenitic ferrite (duplex) hom stainless hlau. Cov matrix muaj ob theem austenite thiab ferrite, nrog cov ntsiab lus tsawg dua 15% hauv matrix. Nws yog hlau nplaum thiab tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias. 329 yog ib hom duplex stainless hlau. Piv nrog austenitic stainless hlau, duplex steel muaj zog dua, txhim kho kev tiv thaiv intergranular corrosion, chloride stress corrosion, thiab pitting corrosion.
5. Cov nag lossis daus hardening stainless hlau. Stainless hlau nrog ib tug matrix ntawm austenite los yog martensite qauv uas yuav hardened los ntawm nag lossis daus hardening kev kho mob. Lub koom haum American Iron thiab Steel siv cov lej los ntawm 600 series, xws li 630, uas yog 17-4PH. Feem ntau hais lus, ntxiv rau cov hlau, austenitic stainless hlau muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo heev. Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig uas tsis tshua muaj corrosion, ferritic stainless hlau tuaj yeem siv tau. Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig corrosive me me, yog tias xav tau lub zog siab lossis hardness, martensitic stainless hlau thiab nag lossis daus hardening stainless hlau tuaj yeem siv. Cov yam ntxwv thiab kev siv
Thickness sib txawv 1: Vim hais tias thaum lub sij hawm dov txheej txheem ntawm steel zeb machinery, lub dov rolls undergo me ntsis deformation vim cua sov, ua rau ib tug sib txawv nyob rau hauv lub thickness ntawm dov phaj. Feem ntau, qhov nruab nrab yog tuab thiab ob sab yog nyias. Thaum ntsuas lub thickness ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, cov kev cai hauv lub tebchaws tau hais tias qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm yuav tsum ntsuas.
2. Cov laj thawj ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev kam rau siab yog feem ntau muab faib ua kev zam loj thiab kev zam me me raws li kev ua lag luam thiab cov neeg siv khoom xav tau: piv txwv
Dab tsi ntawm stainless hlau tsis tshua muaj rusting?
Muaj peb yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau stainless hlau corrosion:
1. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm alloying ntsiab. Feem ntau hais lus, steel nrog cov ntsiab lus chromium ntawm 10.5% tsis tshua muaj kev xeb. Qhov siab dua cov ntsiab lus ntawm chromium thiab npib tsib xee, qhov zoo dua corrosion kuj. Piv txwv li, 304 cov khoom yuav tsum muaj cov ntsiab lus nickel ntawm 8-10% thiab cov ntsiab lus chromium ntawm 18-20%. Xws li stainless hlau yuav tsis xeb nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj xwm txheej.
2. Cov txheej txheem smelting ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau corrosion kuj ntawm stainless hlau. Loj stainless hlau nroj tsuag nrog zoo smelting technology, cov cuab yeej siv siab heev, thiab cov txheej txheem siab heev tuaj yeem ua kom tswj tau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau, tshem tawm cov impurities, thiab tswj cov cua txias ntawm steel billets. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom zoo yog ruaj khov thiab txhim khu kev qha, nrog zoo sab hauv zoo thiab tsis tshua muaj rusting. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, qee qhov me me steel mills muaj cov cuab yeej siv thiab cov txheej txheem dhau los. Thaum lub sij hawm smelting txheej txheem, impurities tsis tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm, thiab cov khoom tsim tawm yuav inevitably xeb.
3. Sab nraud ib puag ncig yog qhuav thiab zoo ventilated, ua rau nws tsis tshua muaj rusting. Cov cheeb tsam uas muaj huab cua siab, huab cua tsis tu ncua los nag, lossis siab acidity thiab alkalinity nyob rau hauv cov huab cua yog rusting. 304 stainless hlau kuj tuaj yeem xeb yog tias ib puag ncig ib puag ncig tsis zoo.
Yuav ua li cas tiv thaiv xeb ntawm cov hlau stainless?
1. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj, kua qaub ntxuav los yog tshuaj tsuag yog siv los pab cov rusted qhov chaw kom passivate dua thiab tsim chromium oxide zaj duab xis los kho lawv corrosion kuj. Tom qab ntxuav cov kua qaub, txhawm rau tshem tawm tag nrho cov kua qaub thiab cov kua qaub, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom yaug nrog dej huv. Tom qab tag nrho cov txheej txheem, siv cov cuab yeej polishing los rov polish thiab foob nrog polishing ciab. Rau cov cheeb tsam uas muaj xeb me ntsis, 1: 1 sib xyaw ntawm cov roj av thiab cov roj cav tuaj yeem siv los so cov pob xeb nrog cov ntaub huv.
2. Mechanical sandblasting, txhaj tshuaj blasting nrog iav los yog ceramic hais, immersion, txhuam, thiab polishing. Nws muaj peev xwm siv cov txheej txheem siv tshuab los so cov kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov khoom siv yav dhau los tshem tawm, cov khoom siv polishing, lossis cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg. Txhua yam kev ua qias tuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov hlau txawv teb chaws, tuaj yeem dhau los ua qhov chaw ntawm corrosion, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntub dej. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los ua kev tu kom huv ntawm cov tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv qhuav qhuav. Kev siv cov txheej txheem siv tshuab tsuas tuaj yeem ntxuav qhov chaw thiab tsis tuaj yeem hloov kho corrosion ntawm cov khoom nws tus kheej. Yog li ntawd, nws raug nquahu kom rov polish nrog cov khoom siv polishing tom qab kho tshuab thiab foob nrog polishing ciab.
Feem ntau siv stainless hlau qib thiab kev ua tau zoo rau cov twj paj nruag
1. 304 stainless hlau. Nws yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau siv thiab dav siv austenitic stainless hlau, tsim rau kev tsim cov duab sib sib zog nqus tsim qhov chaw, acid pipelines, ntim, cov khoom siv, ntau yam ntsuas lub cev, thiab lwm yam. Nws kuj tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov khoom tsis sib nqus thiab qis- cov khoom siv kub thiab cov khoom siv.
2. 304L stainless hlau. Txhawm rau hais txog qhov hnyav intergranular corrosion nyiam ntawm 304 stainless hlau tshwm sim los ntawm nag lossis daus ntawm Cr23C6 nyob rau hauv qee yam mob, ultra-low carbon austenitic stainless hlau tau zoo dua intergranular corrosion kuj nyob rau hauv nws lub xeev sensitized tshaj 304 stainless hlau. Tsuas yog lub zog qis dua me ntsis, lwm yam khoom zoo ib yam li 321 stainless hlau, feem ntau yog siv rau cov khoom siv corrosion-resistant thiab cov khoom uas yuav tsum tau vuam tab sis tsis tuaj yeem raug kho cov tshuaj. Nws tuaj yeem siv los tsim ntau yam ntsuas lub cev, thiab lwm yam.
3. 304H stainless hlau. Cov ceg sab hauv ntawm 304 stainless hlau muaj cov pa roj carbon ntau feem ntawm 0.04% thiab 0.10%, thiab nws cov kev ua haujlwm kub kub zoo dua li ntawm 304 stainless hlau.
4. 316 stainless hlau. Ntxiv molybdenum rau lub hauv paus ntawm 10Cr18Ni12 steel muab cov hlau zoo tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj xov xwm thiab pitting corrosion. Hauv dej hiav txwv thiab lwm yam xov xwm, qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo dua li 304 stainless hlau, feem ntau yog siv los ua cov khoom siv tiv thaiv corrosion.
5. 316L stainless hlau. Ultra low carbon steel muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau intergranular corrosion nyob rau hauv lub xeev sensitized, thiab yog tsim rau kev tsim welded Cheebtsam thiab cov cuab yeej siv nrog tuab cross-sectional qhov ntev, xws li corrosion-resistant cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv petrochemical khoom.
6. 316H stainless hlau. Cov ceg sab hauv ntawm 316 stainless hlau muaj cov pa roj carbon ntau ntawm 0 0 4% thiab 0.10%, thiab nws qhov kub thiab txias ua haujlwm zoo dua li ntawm 316 stainless hlau.
7. 317 stainless hlau. Kev tiv thaiv rau pitting corrosion thiab creep yog superior rau 316L stainless hlau, siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov petrochemical thiab organic acid corrosion resistant khoom.
8.321 stainless hlau. Titanium stabilized austenitic stainless hlau, nrog rau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm titanium los txhim kho intergranular corrosion kuj thiab zoo heev kub-kub txhua yam khoom, tuaj yeem hloov tau los ntawm ultra-low carbon austenitic stainless hlau. Tsuas yog rau lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb xws li kub siab lossis hydrogen corrosion kuj, feem ntau tsis pom zoo siv.
9.347 stainless hlau. Austenitic stainless hlau stabilized nrog niobium tuaj yeem txhim kho nws cov intergranular corrosion kuj los ntawm kev ntxiv niobium. Nws corrosion kuj nyob rau hauv corrosive media xws li acid, alkali, thiab ntsev yog tib yam li 321 stainless hlau. Nws muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo vuam thiab tuaj yeem siv ua ob qho khoom siv corrosion-resistant thiab kub-resistant steel. Nws yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm thermal hwj chim thiab petrochemicals, xws li ua ntim, pipelines, tshav kub exchangers, shafts, furnace tubes nyob rau hauv industrial furnaces, thiab rauv tube thermometers.
10 ib. 904L stainless hlau. Super tag nrho austenitic stainless hlau yog ib hom super austenitic stainless hlau tsim los ntawm OUTOKUMPU tuam txhab hauv Finland. Nws cov nickel pawg feem ntau yog 24% -26%, thiab cov pa roj carbon ntau yog tsawg dua 0.02%. Nws muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo heev thiab ua haujlwm zoo rau cov tsis muaj oxidizing acids xws li sulfuric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, thiab phosphoric acid. Nws kuj tseem muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo rau crevice corrosion thiab kev nyuaj siab corrosion. Haum rau ntau qhov sib xyaw ntawm sulfuric acid hauv qab 70 degree, nws muaj qhov zoo corrosion kuj nyob rau hauv txhua qhov concentration thiab kub ntawm acetic acid thiab sib tov ntawm formic acid thiab acetic acid nyob rau hauv ib txwm siab. Tus qauv qub ASMESB-625 cais nws raws li npib tsib xee raws alloy, thaum tus qauv tshiab cais nws li stainless hlau. Tuam Tshoj tsuas yog muaj cov qib zoo sib xws ntawm 015Cr19Ni26Mo5Cu2 hlau, thiab ob peb lub tuam txhab European siv 904L stainless hlau ua lawv cov khoom tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, lub raj ntsuas ntawm E + H huab hwm coj ntsuas ntsuas yog ua los ntawm 904L stainless hlau, thiab rooj plaub ntawm Rolex watches kuj yog ua los ntawm 904L stainless hlau. 11. 440C stainless hlau. Martensitic stainless hlau muaj qhov hardness siab tshaj plaws ntawm hardenable stainless hlau thiab stainless hlau, nrog ib tug hardness ntawm HRC57. Feem ntau yog siv los ua nozzles, bearings, valve cores, valve rooj, tes tsho, valve stems, thiab lwm yam.
12. 17-4PH stainless hlau. Martensitic nag lossis daus hardening stainless hlau, nrog lub hardness ntawm HRC44, muaj lub zog siab, hardness, thiab corrosion kuj, thiab tsis tuaj yeem siv ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 300 degree. Nws muaj corrosion kuj zoo rau cov cua thiab diluted acids los yog ntsev, thiab nws cov corrosion kuj yog tib yam li 304 stainless hlau thiab 430 stainless hlau. Nws yog siv rau kev tsim khoom offshore platforms, turbine hniav, valve cores, valve rooj, tes tsho, valve stems, thiab lwm yam.
Nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm instrumentation, txiav txim siab txog universality thiab nqi teeb meem, cov pa xaiv kev txiav txim rau austenitic stainless hlau yog 304-304L-316-316L-317-321-347-904L stainless hlau. 317 tsis tshua siv, 321 tsis pom zoo, 347 yog siv rau qhov kub-kub corrosion tsis kam, thiab 904L tsuas yog cov khoom siv rau qee yam ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom. 904L feem ntau tsis nquag xaiv hauv kev tsim. Hauv kev tsim thiab xaiv cov twj paj nruag, feem ntau muaj cov xwm txheej uas cov khoom siv ntawm cov cuab yeej sib txawv ntawm cov kav dej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias ua haujlwm. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau seb qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv ntsuas puas ua tau raws li qhov ntsuas kub thiab siab ntawm cov txheej txheem cov khoom siv lossis cov kav dej. Piv txwv li, yog hais tias lub raj xa dej yog ua los ntawm high-temperature chromium molybdenum steel thiab cov twj paj nruag yog ua los ntawm stainless hlau, tej zaum yuav muaj teeb meem, thiab nws yog tsim nyog los tham txog qhov kub thiab txias gauges ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas cuam tshuam.
Hauv kev tsim thiab xaiv, ntau yam stainless hlau ntawm cov tshuab sib txawv, series, thiab qib feem ntau ntsib. Thaum xaiv, ntau qhov kev xav xws li cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb tshaj tawm, qhov kub thiab txias, siab, cov khoom siv kev ntxhov siab, corrosion, thiab cov nqi yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab.
